Corrosion is the deterioration of metal and other materials over time. Throughout history, humanity has tried to understand the effects of corrosion. Early civilizations developed various methods to prevent their metal items from rusting. Corrosion is a common phenomenon in nature and causes major problems in many industries. Particularly in the construction and automotive industries, this can pose safety risks. Causes of corrosion include moisture, acids and salts. In this article, we will give information about what corrosion is, how it occurs and how it can be prevented. Understanding the effects of corrosion is critical for individuals and businesses alike.
Definition and Formation of Corrosion
What is Corrosion
Corrosion is the process of wear of metals by chemical effects. This process occurs as a result of the interaction of the metal with its environment. For example, iron rusts when it comes into contact with water and oxygen. Corrosion can occur in different ways with different mechanisms. These mechanisms include galvanic corrosion and pitting corrosion.
How the Corrosion Process Works
The corrosion process begins with the interaction of metal with oxygen and water. When the metal surface encounters these substances, a reaction occurs. Electrochemical reactions form the basis of corrosion. These reactionscauses metal atoms to lose electrons. Corrosion stages; It can be divided into three parts: beginning, development and conclusion. Initially, minor damage occurs on the metal surface. During the developmental stage, these damages grow and spread. As a result, the metal structure becomes weaker.
Factors Affecting Corrosion
Factors that affect corrosion rate include temperature, humidity and pH value. As the temperature increases, the corrosion rate also increases. If the humidity is high, the metal will rust faster. The pH value determines the acidic or basic state in the environment. The type of metal and its surface condition play an important role on corrosion. For example, stainless steel corrodes less. Chemicals in the environmentcan accelerate or slow down the corrosion process. Aggressive environments such as salt water increase corrosion.
Corrosion Types
Uniform and Galvanic Corrosion
Uniform corrosion occurs equally all over the metal surface. This type of corrosion is often affected by atmospheric conditions. A thin wear layer forms on the entire surface of the metal. This reduces the overall durability of the metal.
Galvanic corrosion occurs when different metals are present together. Electric current occurs between two different metals. This current protects the less reactive metal while causing rapid corrosion of the other metal. This type of corrosion is commonly observed in certain industries, such as maritime. For example, the combination of aluminum and steel parts on ships can cause galvanic corrosion.
Pit and Crevice Corrosion
Pitting corrosion is a type of corrosion that creates deep pits on the metal surface. It usually occurs in localized areas. These pits can quickly deepen, focusing on the metal’s weak points. The durability of the metal is seriously compromised.
Crevice corrosion occurs in the areas between two surfaces. For example, it is frequently seen in screw connections or areas under coatings. These areas where liquids are trapped are more susceptible to corrosion. This type of corrosioncan seriously reduce the durability of the metal. Without proper maintenance, this can cause major damage.
Selective and Intergranular Corrosion
Selective corrosion is when a particular metal corrodes faster than another. It usually occurs in alloys or systems with mixed metals. In this type of corrosion, the more reactive metal is corroded first.
Intergranular corrosion occurs at boundary regions in the crystal structure of the metal. The internal structure of the metal is susceptible to this type of corrosion. Crystal boundaries are weak points and corrosion occurs here. This type of corrosionmay weaken the mechanical properties of the metal. As a result, the durability of the part decreases.
Erosion Corrosion
Erosion corrosion occurs due to the physical effect of fluids on the metal surface. Liquids flowing at high speed can cause corrosion on the metal surface. It poses a significant problem especially in systems such as pipelines.
The speed and content of the fluid affect this situation. Chemical components can also increase erosion. erosion corrosioncan lead to large costs in the long run.
Corrosion Prevention Methods
Material Selection and Alloy Use
Appropriate material selection is critical to improving corrosion resistance. The type of metal determines its resistance to corrosion. For example, stainless steel and aluminum alloys are more resistant to corrosion. Alloys are formed by combining different metals. These mixtures can be used to increase corrosion resistance. However, material properties may vary depending on corrosion types. Therefore, it is important to make the right choice.
The Importance of Heat Treatment and Design
Heat treatment strengthens the internal structure of the metal increases corrosion resistance. It increases the hardness and durability of the metal. Good design is essential to minimize the risk of corrosion. Problems such as waterlogging should be taken into consideration during the design phase. It is also important to ensure air flow. Anti-corrosion measures should be taken at the design stage. Thus, the life of the structure is extended.
Cathodic and Anodic Protection
Cathodic protection, to protect the metal surface involves applying a negative potential. With this method, oxidation of the metal is prevented. Anodic protection provides protection by preventing the metal from dissolving. These two methods are effective strategies for preventing corrosion. They are especially widely used in pipelines and water tanks. Applying both methods provides long-term protection.
Inhibitor and Surface Coating
inhibitors, chemicals that slow down the corrosion process. These chemicals provide protection when applied to the metal surface. Surface coatings prevent the metal from coming into direct contact with the environment. Paint or plastic coatings are used for this purpose. These methods are widely used in corrosion control. Both inhibitors and surface coatings offer cost-effective solutions.
The combination of these methods is most effective for corrosion prevention. Along with the correct material selection, heat treatment and appropriate design should be done. In addition, cathodic and anodic protection, inhibitors and surface coatings should be used. All these steps reduce the effects of corrosion and extend the life of the structures.
Waterproofing and Structure Durability
The Importance of Waterproofing
Waterproofing, by reducing the contact of metal surfaces with water prevents corrosion. This is a critical issue, especially in the construction industry. Insufficient waterproofing is a factor that increases the risk of corrosion. Water damages metal surfaces and corrodes the structure over time. This may shorten the life of the structures. Waterproofing is a critical element to extend the life of structures. When proper insulation techniques are not used, structures can quickly deteriorate.
The quality of the materials used in buildings also affects waterproofing. Poor quality materials allow water to pass through. This causes corrosion to begin. Waterproofing done with the right methods provides great benefits in the long term.
Effects of Corrosion on Structures
Corrosion threatens the durability and safety of structures. Metal parts become weak. This jeopardizes the stability of the structure. Corrosion also increases maintenance costs. may cause economic losses. Structures require constant maintenance. This is a waste of both time and money.
Corrosion also creates negative aesthetic effects. Rusty metal surfaces spoil the appearance of the structure. This may negatively affect users’ satisfaction. People feel more comfortable in buildings that look beautiful. Aesthetic concerns should also be taken into consideration.
Methods to Increase Endurance
Various methods can be used to increase endurance:
- Material selection
- Covering
- Protection methods
It is important to choose the right material. Stainless steel or galvanized materials may be preferred. Coating processes also provide protection. It is possible to protect metal surfaces using paint or special coatings.
Regular maintenance is important in reducing the effects of corrosion. Structures need to be checked periodically. Additionally, education and awareness is an effective strategy in combating corrosion. Construction sector employees should be informed about this issue.
Finally, waterproofing and corrosion control are vital for structures. With correct applications, the life of structures can be extended and economic losses can be minimized.
Final Thoughts
Corrosion is an important problem that threatens your structures. You learned its definition, types and prevention methods. Waterproofing is key to increasing building durability. With the right precautions, you can minimize the effects of corrosion.
By using this information, you can extend the life of your structures and reduce costs. Take action to prevent corrosion. Get support from experts, choose appropriate materials and perform regular maintenance. Protect your structures, increase your security. Now is the time to take a step!
Frequently Asked Questions
What is corrosion?
Corrosion is the chemical or electro-chemical degradation that occurs as a result of the interaction of metals with environmental conditions. This process causes rust to form on the metal surface.
What are the main causes of corrosion?
Corrosion is caused by environmental factors such as moisture, oxygen, acids and salts. These factors weaken the metal surface and cause it to wear out over time.
What are the types of corrosion?
Major types of corrosion include galvanic corrosion, pitting corrosion and surface corrosion. Each of them is caused by different factors and has various effects.
What methods can be used to prevent corrosion?
Methods such as coating, anodization, cathodic protection and appropriate material selection can be applied to prevent corrosion. These techniques increase the durability of the metal.
Why is waterproofing important?
Waterproofing increases the durability of structures and reduces the risk of corrosion. By preventing water passage, it extends the life of the structure and reduces maintenance costs.
What are the economic effects of corrosion?
Corrosion causes structural damage, increasing repair and maintenance costs. It can also cause production losses for businesses.
Which materials are more resistant to corrosion?
Stainless steel, aluminum and special alloys are more resistant to corrosion. These materials provide long-lasting performance even in harsh conditions.
Authors
VIA Halil Sancak
